Sunday, February 10, 2013

Choosing home wireless security settings

TL;DR:  Choose WPA2-PSK with AES encyption for home use.  Choose an ASCII encryption key with a made up phrase, like "I live at 1234 Main in California".  Disable WPS if possible.

When setting up a new wifi router, you have to choose how to set up your wireless security settings.
WPA2 AES is good;  WPA is mediocre.  Everything else offers minimal security as software to break the encryption in a few days or even hours exist for WPS (which does a poor job of setting up WPA/WPA2) and WEP.

Home settings

For WPA and WPA2, the home variants are referred to as "PSK" or "Personal".
Here's a run down of the various choices without any of the techno babble.


GradeProtocolVariantEncryptThoughts
AWPA 2PSK/PersonalAESThe best choice.
BWPA 2PSK/PersonalTKIPNot as good as AES
C+WPAPSK/PersonalAESBetter than WEP
C-WPAPSK/PersonalTKIPBetter than WEP
D+WPS

Most routers are flawed. Disable if possible.
D-WEP64/128 bit

AVOID, WEP has been cracked.
FNone

Publically announce everything you do.

Enterprise or Corporate settings.

There are also wireless security choices where there is a centralized key server, namely for companies or enterprises. These go by the name "Enterprise" or "Radius" or "802.1x". Confusingly, note that plain "WPA2" and "WPA" typically refer to the enterprise variants.

N/AWPA 2""/Enterprise/RadiusNot for home use
N/AWPA""/Enterprise/RadiusNot for home use

Sunday, February 3, 2013

Installing the Win 8 boot loader on a hard drive

Situation: I upgraded Win XP to Win 8 Pro and installed Win 8 to a new blank HD.  Win XP was on the "old" hard D: and Win 8 is now on C:.  The problem is that the Win 8 installer put the boot loader for Win 8 on the old drive D:, so I need to have both hard drives in the system.  I want to remove D: from the system, since I won't be using it anymore.  Thus, 
I needed to install the Win 8 boot loader on a target drive C:
As copied from Justin Coon's reply in this posting, the steps you need are
  1. Boot into Win 8, with both hard drives.
  2. Mark the target drive as active, in Disk Management, via
    • Control Panels | Administrative Tools | Computer Management | Disk Management  ... or ...
    • On the Desktop | Win + X key | Disk Management
    • right click on C: 
    • Mark Partition as Active
  3. Install the boot loader on C: via
    bcdboot
    windows-root-folder /s
    target-drive-to-boot-from,
    namely in my case 

    bcdboot c:\windows /s c:
  4. And that should do it.  Shutdown Win 8.  Power off your machine.  Remove the old hard drive D:, and then power up.

Friday, February 1, 2013

Windows 8 Desktop sounds OK esp with Ninite

I've been wondering whether getting Win 8 Pro make sense, as I have some of the $15 upgrades MS was giving out to recent Win 7 buyers.   Historically the Pro version offers features the Home version does not, but having used XP Home for years, the Pro features are of fairly low priority.

Pros:
 - It boots faster and is more secure.
 - Built in AV in the form of MS Defender
 - The Hyper-V virtual machine built in allowing guest OSs to run.  This saves one from having to download the free and good VirtualBox

Cons:
 - MS removed the Start Menu on the desktop but there are 3rd party solutions.   See Solutions.

Solutions

1) I've recently learned of Ninite which installs all sorts of desirable free software (e.g. Chrome and/or Firefox, Free A/V, OpenOffice, Google Earth, Skype, etc) without any crapware or toolbars or any other junk.  

For Win 8, it also installs ClassicStart, a popular Start Menu replacement.

Why has it taken me so long to learn of this?

Tuesday, January 15, 2013

Upgrade the Mac Mini 2011 to 16GB of RAM for $70

As the wikipedia page on the Mac Mini indicates, the 2011 (and apparently the 2010) model can handle 16GB of RAM.  When it was introduced, 16GB of DDR3 RAM was more expensive as the Mac Mini itself.  But these days, you can get 16GB (2 X 8GB) DDR3 SO-DIMMS for well under $80.  I just bought some Patriot RAM from Fry's for $59.  I also just got AData SO-DIMMS from Newegg for $65.

The main constraints on the maximum RAM a system can use are
  1. the maximum RAM the CPU can address.  For Intel CPUs, see ark.intel.com.   It is sometimes tricky to determine the actual CPU your system has.  In the case of the 2011 MacMini, the i5-2410M CPU can handle upto 16GB via 2 DIMMS or "channels".
  2. the address lines on the motherboard M/B.  In most cases, the M/B carries all the address lines from the CPU to the DIMMs.
  3. the manufacterer's BIOS or EFI, when booting Windows.  I'm fairly sure Linux probes the hardware itself so even if the BIOS underreported the amount of RAM, Linux would detect it all.
The speed of the RAM is not terribly important, except under very rare circumstances, in which case you'll know who you are.  For perspective, faster RAM might get you 1-2%; having more RAM so you do not  swapping will get you a 400-2000% improvement.   Also, DIMMs contain information on their speed and the memory controller will adjust accordingly.  

I usually just buy what is cheap from a decent brand (Crucial, Patriot, AData, ....).

Friday, December 28, 2012

Set up / Fixing / tweaking Linux Mint 13 Xfce

This post is a list of the software I need to install and the parts of the UI that I need to tweak.

Control key:

Make the left caps locks (left of the "A") be a control key.

To fix this immediately run:
setxkbmap -option 'ctrl:nocaps'
or
setxkbmap -option 'ctrl:swapcaps'

To fix this at startup everytime:
  1. Menu | Settings | Session and Startup | Application Autostart
  2. Hit the [+ Add] button.  In the pop up dialog:
  3. Make up a "name" and "description" of your liking, such as "Cntl <-> Caps".  For the "command" , copy one of the preceding setxkbmap commands.
The values allowed in the -options flag for setxdbmap
are in /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst


Add Google to Linux Mint Firefox search engine choices:

The search bar (the one in the upper right) no longer has Google as an option.  Ugh.
I was using Firefox 17.0.1.
  1. Visit http://www.linuxmint.com/searchengines.php
  2. Click on the Google icon at the bottom.
  3. Go to the search bar and choose Google (which now be an option).
Add Google chrome as a software package

From a google search on "Chrome PPA", I've copied the results from http://www.howopensource.com/2011/10/install-google-chrome-in-ubuntu-11-10-11-04-10-10-10-04/
 and http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/ppa/google_chrome.

Install the PPAs for google chrome which tell Ubuntu/Mint where to look for new releases. There are three commands.

wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list'

sudo apt-get update 



Then choose the distribution of your choice, by choosing one of the following.  Choose "stable" if not sure.

sudo apt-get install google-chrome-stable

sudo apt-get install google-chrome-beta

sudo apt-get install google-chrome-unstable

UI: move the task panel or task bar

Right click on the panel (not an applet in the pane) and in panel preferences, uncheck the Lock Panel box.  Once this is done, at both ends of the panel there is a small dotted region, which can be used to select the panel itself, rather than an applet.

Select the panel and move it to one of the edges.

UI: focus follows mouse

Adjust the setting in The Menu | Settings | Window Manager | Focus


UI: adjust the layout of your workspaces

If necessary, add the workspaces applet to the "task bar" or "panel", via right click on the panel:
Add New Items | Workspace Switcher | ... | Close "Add New Items"

To adjust the number of rows in which the workspaces are laid out:
Workspace switcher applet (right click) | Properties | Number of Rows


UI:  keyboard shortcuts for the desktop GUI (not application specific)

The settings are at:

The Menu | Settings | Window Manager | Keyboard


UI: How to lock your screen

There are several ways to lock your screen:
 - The underlying command to run is xflock4.  You can run this from a terminal if curious.

- Use the default keyboard short cut cntl-alt-delete.  This shortcut is set in 

The Menu | Settings | Keyboard | Application Shortcuts

 - On the right side of the panel, you should see your login name.  Left-click on this to get a menu.  One entry should be "Lock-screen".

 - Right click on the panel (on the ends) and choose

  Add New Items  || Action buttons  ||  Add  || Close

 Right click on the added Button || Properties  || First button action : "Lock Screen"

Choosing a Linux distro with LT support, a stable and lean 2D UI: Linux Mint 13 Xfce

Summary: The xfce 4 desktop does what I need and Linux Mint 13 Xfce is my distro of choice.

My priorities were
  1. Long term support, so that I continue to get updates and security patches over the next 3+ years.   I've moved to Ubuntu and so the distro choice would likely be their 12.04 LTS release or a derivative there of.
  2. A stable 2D UI.  I cut my teeth on X11 (before Linux) and very early Linux distros (Slackware).  I don't need a fancy GUI environment.  The 3D effects are a waste on me.   In the past, I eventually got used to Gnome2 based environments due to Ubuntu 9.x and 10.x releases, but the recent switch to Unity was not acceptable to me.
I decided to try Xfce which many distros support as their lean, but modern UI option. Since many lean GUIs have been around for years, the fact that many distros have chosen Xfce as their lean UI is encouraging for its long term support.

I compared Ubuntu LTS 12.04 Xfce versus Linux Mint 13 "Maya" Xfce, which is based on the ubuntu release.  Mint came with a newer version of Xfce (4.10 versus 4.08) and just looked better.  And the Mint default system menu was nicely filled out opposed to the more spartan Ubuntu menus.  Easy choice.


Saturday, December 22, 2012

The ASUS R704A 17" laptop is the same as an X75A-104A.


TL;DR: The big take aways are:
  1. I've opened my R704A-RB31 and yes there is a single empty DIMM slot.
  2. The Asus R704A is the same as the Asus X75A-Z104.

I bought this laptop / notebook at Fry's on a great sale ($378), hoping to upgrade the RAM to 8GB, as it comes with 4GB.

Dilemma:
Both Fry's and Newegg web sites said there was one empty DIMM slot allowing upto 8GB.  Good.

Many, many other sites on the internet including microcenter indicated there was one 4GB DIMM soldered to the M/B and that was it.  No upgrading.  Bad.

The ASUS website had no information on the R704A.  No specs.  No downloads.  No nothing.   Ack.

Several weeks later, the ASUS support site still had limited information but I was able to download a user manual, which was labelled X75A-104A, which is another 17" laptop ASUS makes.  And this model has full specs/info on the Asus support site.  And it says there is a single DIMM slot allowing upto 8GB of RAM.  Here's a link to all  manuals and documentation  for this laptop.  Choose other tabs too.

To get at the RAM and hard drive, unscrew and remove the two screws holding the big panel which covers the front half of the bottom.  Pull the plastic toward the front and it should just slide off.

Armed with this knowledge I finally opened the laptop and indeed there is an unfilled user accessible memory slot.